Which defense mechanism redirects unacceptable drives into socially acceptable activities?

• A. Substitution
• B. Repression
• C. Denial
• D. Sublimation

Answer: (D)

Redirecting unacceptable drives into socially acceptable activities is sublimation, a mature way of coping. It takes powerful impulses—like aggression or strong desires—and channels them into constructive outlets such as sports, art, or work. This transforms the energy into something beneficial both for the person and for society, reducing inner tension without denying or suppressing the impulse. Repression pushes distressing thoughts out of awareness, while denial refuses to accept reality. Substitution replaces one target or goal with another but doesn’t inherently redirect the energy of the drive into a productive, acceptable activity. For example, turning aggressive energy into competitive sports or creative work illustrates sublimation at work.