What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system during the stress response described in GAS?

• A. Triggers rapid heart rate increase
• B. Promotes cortisol release
• C. Increases sympathetic activity
• D. Balances sympathetic activity and returns hormone levels to normal

Answer: (D)

The parasympathetic nervous system acts to restore balance after the initial surge of activity during a stress response. In GAS, the body first engages the sympathetic system to prepare for fight or flight, increasing heart rate and releasing stress hormones like cortisol. Once the immediate demand passes, the parasympathetic system counteracts that arousal—slowing the heart rate, calming respiration, promoting digestion, and helping the body conserve and restore energy. Its main role is to balance sympathetic activity and bring hormone levels back toward baseline, helping the stress response wind down and return to homeostasis.