In response to stress, which function does cortisol primarily perform?

• A. Decrease glucose availability
• B. Promote appetite
• C. Mobilizes energy and modulates immune response
• D. Suppress corticosteroid production

Answer: (C)

Under stress, cortisol is released to keep the body fueled and to prevent an overactive inflammatory response. It raises energy availability by promoting gluconeogenesis in the liver and mobilizing fats and proteins for energy, ensuring the brain and muscles have glucose and other fuels when demand is high. At the same time, it dampens excessive immune activity, helping to prevent chronic inflammation during stressful periods. This combination—providing energy while modulating the immune response—best captures cortisol’s primary role in stress.